Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Sep 10;14(10):1351–1357. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.09.004

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2021 The Authors

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 3 — Diagram depicting over-expression and translocation of GRP78 to cell surface due to SARS CoV2 replication induced ER stress, and invasion of hyphae of R. oryzae using cs-GRP78 as its receptor. (a) Entry of SARS CoV2 into host utilizing ACE2 and TMPRSS2 as receptors. (b) Replication of SARS CoV2 inside host cell. (c) ER stress induced due to virus replication. (d) Over expression of GRP78. (e) Translocation of GRP78 to the cell surface. (f) Germination of R. oryzae spores into hyphae after escaping phagocytosis by macrophages. (g) R. oryzae hyphae escape phagocytosis by neutrophils and utilize cs-GRP78 as receptors, (h) to invade host cell. [18,34,39,42,[48], [49], [50],55,58] (ACE2-Converting Enzyme type 2; CoTH-Spore coat protein; cs-GRP78-cell surface GRP78; ER-endoplasmic reticulum; GRP78- Glucose Regulated Protein 78; R. oryzae-Rhizopus oryzae; SARS CoV2-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2; TMPRSS2-transmembrane protease, serine 2) [this figure was created with BioRender.com].