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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 10.
Published in final edited form as: Phys Today. 2019 Jan;72(1):10.1063/pt.3.4111. doi: 10.1063/pt.3.4111

FIGURE 1. THE APPEARANCE OF QUANTIZED VORTICES.

FIGURE 1.

in a rotating superfluid is a smoking gun for the presence of an artificial magnetic field. The density of vortices is in direct proportion to the artificial field’s magnitude. (a) Quantized vortex arrays in superfluids were first imaged in liquid helium in 1979 at the University of California, Berkeley.1 (b)They were later seen, in 2000, in a slowly rotating Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) of rubidium.2 (c) This 2003 image of a quickly rotating BEC of Rb captures a large array of vortices created at JILA.4