Table 4.
Meta-analytical data concerning the effects of antipsychotics on peripheral cytokine levels without stratification by specific treatment or population.
| Marker | Miller et al. (2011) | Tourjman et al. (2011) | Goldsmith et al. (2016) | Romeo et al. (2018) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effect | nS (nP) | Effect | nS (nP) | Effect | nS (nP) | Effect | nS (nP) | |
| IL-1β | ↓ | 3 (127) | ↓ | 3 (127) | ↓ | 4 (189) | ↓ | 7 (241) |
| IL-1RA | NA | 0 (0) | — | 5 (113) | NA | 0 (0) | — | 6 (131) |
| IL-2 | — | 4 (132) | — | 6 (239) | — | 4 (132) | — | 10 (311) |
| sIL-2R | ↑ | 3 (90) | ↑ | 8 (165) | ↑ | 3 (90) | ↑ | 11 (263) |
| IL-4 | NA | 0 (0) | — | 2 (119) | ↓ | 2 (186) | — | 7 (399) |
| IL-6 | ↓ | 4 (164) | — | 11 (350) | ↓ | 11 (500) | — | 21 (784) |
| sIL-6R | NA | 0 (0) | — | 4 (84) | NA | 0 (0) | — | 4 (844) |
| IL-8 | NA | 0 (0) | NA | 0 (0) | NA | 0 (0) | — | 4 (144) |
| IL-10 | NA | 0 (0) | — | 2 (52) | NA | 0 (0) | — | 8 (210) |
| IL-12 | ↑ | 3 (104) | ↑ | 2 (74) | ↑ | 3 (104) | — | 4 (121) |
| IL-17 | NA | 0 (0) | NA | 0 (0) | — | 2 (193) | — | 3 (248) |
| IL-23 | NA | 0 (0) | NA | 0 (0) | NA | 0 (0) | — | 2 (68) |
| TNF-α | — | 3 (171) | — | 9 (320) | — | 6 (310) | — | 19 (579) |
| sTNF-R1 | NA | 0 (0) | NA | 0 (0) | NA | 0 (0) | — | 5 (91) |
| sTNF-R2 | NA | 0 (0) | NA | 0 (0) | NA | 0 (0) | ↑ | 3 (49) |
| IFN-γ | — | 2 (62) | ↓ | 3 (138) | — | 4 (265) | ↓ | 8 (380) |
| TGF-β | ↓ | 2 (119) | — | 3 (156) | — | 4 (286) | — | 5 (303) |
nS—number of studies, nP—number of patients, —— no effect, ↑—levels increased after therapy, ↓—levels decreased after therapy.