Table 1.

Free text words used to build the search strategy.

Population		AND	Outcome
chronic	back pain/ache		sleep
persistent	neck pain/ache		insomnia
lasting	cervical pain/ache		agrypnia
longterm	spinal pain/ache
long term	vertebral pain/ache
	lumbar pain/ache
	lumbosacral pain/ache
	backpain
	backache
	dorsalgia
	lumbago
	lumbalgia
	lumbodynia
	whiplash
	fbss
	failed back surgery
	failed back syndrome
	postlaminectomy syndrome
	post-laminectomy syndrome
	cervicobrachial neuralgia/pain/syndrome/disease/radiculopathy/compression syndrome
	cervico-brachial neuralgia/pain/syndrome/disease/radiculopathy/compression syndrome
	cervical neuralgia/syndrome/disease/radiculopathy/compression syndrome
	neck shoulder arm syndrome
	shoulder arm neck syndrome