Table 1.
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of subjects before and 6 months after bariatric surgery.
| Non-Diabetic Patients | Diabetes Remission | Persistent Diabetes | Group | Surgery | Interaction | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before Surgery (n = 6) |
6 Months (n = 6) |
Before Surgery (n = 7) |
6 Months (n = 7) |
Before Surgery (n = 4) |
6 Months (n = 4) |
p Value | p Value | p Value | |
| Age | 43 ± 10 | NA | 46 ± 8 | NA | 51 ± 5 | NA | 0.359 | NA | NA |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 43.4 ± 4.3 | 30.1 ± 4.6 | 46.5 ± 9.3 | 32.8 ± 5.9 | 44.1 ± 2.2 | 32.8 ± 4.8 | 0.663 | <0.001 | 0.578 |
| Decrease in BMI (kg/m2) | NA | 13.3 ± 3.7 | NA | 13.7 ±3.9 | NA | 11.3 ± 3.8 | 0.578 | NA | NA |
| Excess weight loss (%) | NA | 74 ± 21 | NA | 67 ± 10 | NA | 68 ± 19 | 0.691 | NA | NA |
| Waist (cm) | 127 ± 13 | 101 ± 4 | 128 ± 17 | 110 ± 13 | 127 ± 10 | 110 ± 15 | 0.694 | <0.001 | 0.439 |
| Body fat (%) | 50 ± 4 | 35 ± 7 | 48 ± 4 | 37 ± 3 | 53 ± 4 | 42 ± 9 | 0.363 | <0.001 | 0.617 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.0 ± 0.6 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 9.4 ± 3.7 | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 8.0 ± 1.2 | 8.3 ± 2.5 | 0.005 *,† | 0.023 | 0.015 |
| Insulin (pmol/L) | 93 ± 27 | 30 ± 4 | 164 ± 89 | 35 ± 13 | 368 ± 589 | 64 ± 73 | 0.523 | <0.001 | 0.400 |
| HbA1c | 5.6 ± 0.2 | 5.1 ± 0.2 | 7.7 ± 1.4 | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 7.6 ± 0.8 | 7.0 ± 1.3 | 0.001 *,† | <0.001 | 0.023 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 9.3 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 17.2 ± 26.3 | 3.1 ± 3.0 | 0.049 † | <0.001 | 0.058 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 1.9 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 0.079 | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.0 ± 0.8 | 4.4 ± 1.1 | 5.4 ± 1.5 | 4.1 ± 1.0 | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 3.7 ± 0.9 | 0.444 | 0.004 | 0.645 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 0.030 * | 0.750 | 0.273 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 2.2 ± 1.0 | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 0.115 | 0.022 | 0.744 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NA, not applicable. Data are means ± SD. The effects of group of subjects, before and after surgery, and the interaction of both effects were analyzed by repeated-measures GLM after applying logarithmic transformation as needed to ensure normality. * p < 0.05, differences between non-diabetic group and diabetes remission group; † p < 0.05, differences between non-diabetic group and persistent diabetes group.