Table 2.

The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and its relationship to OSAS risk. Each question is scored from 0 to 3. ESS score range is from 0–24.

Activity		Likelihood of Dozing 0 = Never, 1 = Slight, 2 = Moderate, 3 = High
Sitting and reading
Watching television
Sitting inactively in a public place
As a car passenger for one uninterrupted hour
Lying down in the afternoon when able
Sitting and talking to someone
Sitting quietly after lunch with no alcohol
In a car, while stopped for a few minutes in traffic
Mean RDI	Mean ESS	ESS Range	Interpretation
8.8 ± 2.3	9.5 ± 3.3	1–9	No or little OSAS risk
21.1 ± 4.0	11.5 ± 4.2	10–15	Moderate OSAS risk
49.5 ± 9.6	16.0 ± 4.4	16–24	High OSAS risk

RDI, respiratory disturbance index; OSAS, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The table was adapted from reference [20].