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Smad proteins engaged in the canonical TGFβ pathway. Schematic representation structure of receptor-activated Smads (R-Smads), common-mediator Smad (Co-Smad), and inhibitory-Smad (I-Smad) necessary for TGFβ isoforms-induced canonical signaling. MH1 and MH 2: Mad homology 1 and 2 domains; NLS: nuclear localization signal; SSXS: Ser-Ser-X-Ser motif.
