TABLE 1.
Socio‐demographic and behavioural correlates of receipt of GP advice or support on smoking.
| Any advicea | Offered any supportb | Suggested e–cigarette | Offered prescription medication | Suggested SSS | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % (n) | ORadj (95% CI) P | % (n) | ORadj (95% CI) P | % (n) | ORadj (95% CI) P | % (n) | ORadj (95% CI) P | % (n) | ORadj (95% CI) P | |
| Sex | |||||||||||
| Male | 3246 | 48.1 (1559) | 1 (ref.) | 29.7 (964) | 1 (ref.) | 4.4 (142) | 1 (ref.) | 9.1 (297) | 1 (ref.) | 15.8 (513) | 1 (ref.) |
| Female | 3531 | 49.0 (1729) | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) 0.511 | 32.1 (1134) | 1.10 (0.98–1.23) 0.174 | 3.1 (109) | 0.75 (0.57–0.97) 0.066 | 8.4 (298) | 0.97 (0.81–1.16) 0.810 | 18.4 (648) | 1.16 (1.01–1.32) 0.067 |
| Age, years | |||||||||||
| 16–24 | 994 | 34.3 (341) | 1 (ref.) | 18.8 (187) | 1 (ref.) | 2.8 (28) | 1 (ref.) | 4.2 (42) | 1 (ref.) | 10.5 (104) | 1 (ref.) |
| 25–34 | 1280 | 43.3 (554) | 1.30 (1.08–1.55) 0.015 | 28.5 (364) | 1.42 (1.16–1.75) 0.004 | 3.5 (45) | 1.31 (0.80–2.14) 0.401 | 6.3 (80) | 1.45 (0.98–2.14) 0.126 | 17.0 (217) | 1.40 (1.08–1.81) 0.028 |
| 35–44 | 1099 | 49.3 (541) | 1.57 (1.31–1.89) < 0.001 | 33.1 (363) | 1.68 (1.36–2.08) < 0.001 | 2.9 (32) | 1.04 (0.61–1.76) 0.931 | 9.7 (107) | 2.25 (1.54–3.28) < 0.001 | 18.1 (199) | 1.44 (1.10–1.88) 0.020 |
| 45–54 | 1209 | 52.6 (636) | 1.82 (1.52–2.19) < 0.001 | 34.9 (421) | 1.88 (1.53–2.31) < 0.001 | 4.2 (51) | 1.37 (0.84–2.23) 0.321 | 10.2 (123) | 2.30 (1.59–3.34) < 0.001 | 18.6 (225) | 1.58 (1.22–2.05) 0.004 |
| 55–64 | 1060 | 57.5 (609) | 2.29 (1.89–2.78) < 0.001 | 36.5 (387) | 2.10 (1.70–2.62) < 0.001 | 4.4 (47) | 1.36 (0.82–2.26) 0.347 | 10.8 (114) | 2.43 (1.65–3.57) < 0.001 | 19.8 (210) | 1.81 (1.38–2.38) < 0.001 |
| ≥ 65 | 1135 | 53.5 (607) | 2.09 (1.72–2.55) < 0.001 | 33.2 (376) | 1.91 (1.53–2.38) < 0.001 | 4.2 (48) | 1.32 (0.79–2.22) 0.408 | 11.4 (129) | 2.73 (1.86–4.03) < 0.001 | 18.1 (206) | 1.71 (1.29–2.25) < 0.001 |
| Ethnicity | |||||||||||
| Non–white | 689 | 50.2 (345) | 1 (ref.) | 34.8 (239) | 1 (ref.) | 4.5 (31) | 1 (ref.) | 10.4 (72) | 1 (ref.) | 19.7 (136) | 1 (ref.) |
| White | 6088 | 48.4 (3288) | 0.80 (0.67–0.94) 0.021 | 30.6 (1859) | 0.75 (0.63–0.90) 0.006 | 3.6 (220) | 0.75 (0.50–1.12) 0.255 | 8.6 (523) | 0.68 (0.52–0.89) 0.015 | 16.8 (1025) | 0.78 (0.63–0.96) 0.043 |
| Occupational social grade | |||||||||||
| ABC1 (advantaged) | 2890 | 46.3 (1338) | 1 (ref.) | 28.9 (835) | 1 (ref.) | 3.7 (106) | 1 (ref.) | 7.5 (217) | 1 (ref.) | 16.3 (472) | 1 (ref.) |
| C2DE (disadvantaged) | 3887 | 50.2 (1950) | 0.98 (0.88–1.08) 0.738 | 32.5 (1263) | 1.01 (0.90–1.13) 0.931 | 3.7 (145) |
1.01 (0.77–1.33) 0.957 |
9.7 (378) | 1.18 (0.98–1.42) 0.165 | 17.7 (689) | 0.96 (0.84–1.10) 0.702 |
| Region | |||||||||||
| North | 2280 | 48.5 (1104) | 1 (ref.) | 28.7 (653) | 1 (ref.) | 2.8 (63) | 1 (ref.) | 9.4 (215) | 1 (ref.) | 15.7 (358) | 1 (ref.) |
| Central | 2017 | 46.3 (934) | 0.87 (0.77–0.99) 0.068 | 29.1 (587) | 0.96 (0.84–1.10) 0.702 | 4.4 (88) | 1.61 (1.15–2.24) 0.015 | 8.2 (166) | 0.85 (0.68–1.05) 0.215 | 15.0 (302) | 0.89 (0.75–1.05) 0.264 |
| South | 2480 | 50.4 (1250) | 1.09 (0.97–1.22) 0.264 | 34.6 (858) | 1.32 (1.16–1.50) < 0.001 | 4.0 (100) | 1.45 (1.05–2.01) 0.056 | 8.6 (214) | 0.89 (0.73–1.09) 0.367 | 20.2 (501) | 1.37 (1.17–1.59) < 0.001 |
| Home owner | |||||||||||
| No | 4087 | 49.6 (2026) | 1 (ref.) | 31.9 (1304) | 1 (ref.) | 3.5 (144) | 1 (ref.) | 8.9 (364) | 1 (ref.) | 17.7 (724) | 1 (ref.) |
| Yes | 2690 | 46.9 (1262) | 0.83 (0.74–0.92) 0.004 | 29.5 (794) | 0.87 (0.77–0.98) 0.056 | 4.0 (107) | 1.09 (0.82–1.44) 0.702 | 8.6 (231) | 0.89 (0.73–1.07) 0.333 | 16.2 (437) | 0.90 (0.78–1.04) 0.252 |
| Disability | |||||||||||
| No | 5269 | 46.8 (2462) | 1 (ref.) | 29.9 (1573) | 1 (ref.) | 3.7 (193) | 1 (ref.) | 8.3 (435) | 1 (ref.) | 16.7 (879) | 1 (ref.) |
| Yes | 1508 | 54.9 (826) | 1.12 (0.99–1.27) 0.142 | 34.9 (525) | 1.06 (0.93–1.21) 0.501 | 3.8 (58) | 0.96 (0.70–1.31) 0.852 | 10.6 (160) | 1.06 (0.86–1.29) 0.711 | 18.7 (282) | 1.01 (0.86–1.19) 0.931 |
| Children in the household | |||||||||||
| 0 | 4702 | 48.8 (2294) | 1 (ref.) | 30.4 (1427) | 1 (ref.) | 4.1 (192) | 1 (ref.) | 9.3 (435) | 1 (ref.) | 16.3 (766) | 1 (ref.) |
| ≥ 1 | 2075 | 47.9 (994) | 1.12 (0.99–1.27) 0.127 | 32.4 (671) | 1.18 (1.03–1.35) 0.036 | 2.8 (59) | 0.75 (0.54–1.06) 0.182 | 7.7 (160) | 0.93 (0.74–1.16) 0.676 | 19.0 (395) | 1.28 (1.09–1.51) 0.006 |
| Strength of urges to smoke | – | – | 1.24 (1.19–1.30) < 0.001 | – | 1.24 (1.18–1.30) < 0.001 | – | 1.10 (0.98–1.24) 0.192 | – | 1.10 (1.02–1.19) 0.035 | – | 1.24 (1.17–1.32) < 0.001 |
| Daily cigarette consumption | |||||||||||
| Light (< 5 CPD) | 1988 | 38.9 (773) | 1 (ref.) | 22.9 (455) | 1 (ref.) | 3.0 (60) | 1 (ref.) | 6.2 (124) | 1 (ref.) | 12.2 (242) | 1 (ref.) |
| Moderate/heavy (≥ 5 CPD) | 4789 | 52.5 (2515) | 1.35 (1.20–1.52) < 0.001 | 34.3 (1643) | 1.41 (1.24–1.61) < 0.001 | 4.0 (191) | 1.22 (0.88–1.69) 0.341 | 9.8 (471) | 1.35 (1.08–1.69) 0.021 | 19.2 (919) | 1.42 (1.20–1.68) < 0.001 |
| Roll‐your‐own cigarette use | |||||||||||
| No | 3565 | 48.4 (1725) | 1 (ref.) | 31.3 (1114) | 1 (ref.) | 3.5 (124) | 1 (ref.) | 8.8 (312) | 1 (ref.) | 17.6 (627) | 1 (ref.) |
| Yes | 3212 | 48.7 (1563) | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) 0.702 | 30.7 (984) | 1.00 (0.89–1.11) 0.957 | 4.0 (127) | 1.13 (0.87–1.47) 0.501 | 8.8 (283) | 1.04 (0.87–1.24) 0.782 | 16.6 (534) | 0.96 (0.84–110) 0.702 |
| High‐risk drinking | |||||||||||
| No | 5256 | 49.5 (2602) | 1 (ref.) | 32.6 (1713) | 1 (ref.) | 3.7 (195) | 1 (ref.) | 9.1 (476) | 1 (ref.) | 18.1 (951) | 1 (ref.) |
| Yes | 1521 | 45.2 (686) | 0.97 (0.86–1.10) 0.728 | 25.3 (385) | 0.81 (0.70–0.93) 0.006 | 3.7 (56) | 1.01 (0.73–1.38) 0.968 | 7.8 (119) | 0.99 (0.79–1.23) 0.931 | 13.8 (210) | 0.83 (0.70–0.98) 0.061 |
| Survey year | – | – | 1.02 (0.97–1.08) 0.501 | – | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) 0.852 | – | 1.02 (0.89–1.16) 0.874 | – | 0.97 (0.88–1.06) 0.573 | – | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) 0.241 |
Each analysis was conducted on all past‐year smokers who reported having visited their general practitioner (GP) in the last 12 months and who had complete data on all variables in the table. Each column represents a separate multivariable analysis that included all characteristics listed in the left‐hand column. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) associations are shown in bold type.
CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio; SSS = stop smoking services; CPD = cigarettes per day.
a
Includes suggestions that the patient use an e‐cigarette, go to a specialist stop smoking adviser or group or see a nurse in the practice; offer of prescription medication; or advice to stop smoking without offer of support.
b
Includes suggestions that the patient use an e‐cigarette, go to a specialist stop smoking adviser or group, or see a nurse in the practice; or offer of prescription medication.