Table 4.
Comparison of demographic characteristics, comorbidities and clinical variables between the study set and the external validation set.
| Variables | Study Set | Validation Set | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 165,893 | 43,569 | |
| HA-AKI Stage 3 | 995 (0.60) | 271 (0.62) | 0.594 |
| Gender: Men. (n) % | 74,962 (45.2) | 19,606 (44.9) | 0.105 |
| Age (years). mean (SD) | 54.9 (20.6) | 55.7 (22.1) | 0.389 |
| Chronic comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes (n) % | 30,357 (18.3) | 7840 (17.9) | 0.048 |
| Hypertension (n) % | 65,554 (39.5) | 16,991 (38.9) | 0.059 |
| Ischemic Heart Disease (n) % | 12,428 (7.5) | 3033 (6.9) | <0.001 |
| Ischemic Cerebrovascular disease (n) % | 11,446 (6.9) | 2614 (6.0) | <0.001 |
| Ischemic Peripheral vascular disease (n) % | 8706 (5.2) | 2396 (5.5) | 0.037 |
| Chronic digestive disease (n) % | 9627 (5.8) | 2483 (5.7) | 0.407 |
| Chronic liver disease (n) % | 5667 (3.4) | 1307 (3.0) | <0.001 |
| Chronic congestive heart failure (n) % | 14,344 (8.6) | 3267 (7.5) | <0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n) % | 23,272 (14) | 6535 (15.0) | <0.001 |
| Malignancy (n) % | 23,504 (14.2) | 6317 (14.5) | 0.081 |
| Rheumatologic disease (n) % | 6828 (4.1) | 1743 (4.0) | 0.285 |
| Urologic disease (n) % | 11,926 (7.2) | 3135 (7.1) | 0.971 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease stages | 0.2758 | ||
| 0 + I | 137,385 (82.8) | 36,162 (83.0) | |
| II | 16,252 (9.8) | 4182 (9.6) | |
| III | 9265 (5.6) | 2396 (5.5) | |
| IV | 2991 (1.8) | 829 (1.9) | |
| Clinical variables along hospital admission | |||
| Urgent admission (n) % | 108,577 (65.5) | 28,319 (65.0) | 0.077 |
| Anaemia (n) % | 23,291 (14.0) | 6186 (14.2) | 0.397 |
| Acute respiratory failure (n) % | 7803 (4.7) | 2178 (5.0) | 0.011 |
| Acute Hearth failure (n) % | 6204 (3.7) | 1655 (3.8) | 0.565 |
| SIRS (n) % | 2358 (1.4) | 653 (1.5) | 0.227 |
| Circulatory shock (n) % | 2018 (1.2) | 566 (1.3) | 0.167 |
| Major surgery (n) % | 61,583 (37.1) | 13,942 (32.0) | <0.001 |
| Exposure to contrast dyes (n) % | 14,698 (8.9) | 3.921 (9.0) | 0.36 |
| Exposure to nephrotoxic drugs (n) % | 85,863 (51.8) | 23,135 (53.1) | <0.001 |