Table 5.

The clinical and trichoscopic characteristic of cicatricial alopecias associated with pili torti.

Disease	Epidemiology	Clinical Features	Trichoscopy
Lichen Planopilaris	women 40–60 years of age	multifocal, confluent areas of hair loss with perifollicular hyperkeratosis and erythema at the periphery; the vertex and the parietal area are most commonly affected	perifollicular scaling, hair casts, perifollicular erythema, white dots, white and milky red areas, loss of follicular openings
Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia	post-menopausal women	recession of the frontotemporal hairline, eyebrow loss	perifollicular erythema, perifollicular scaling, hair casts, white areas, loss of follicular openings
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus	women 20–40 years of age	well-demarcated annular or oval plaques with follicular plugging, erythema, telangiectasia, scaling, dyspigmentation	follicular red dots, large yellow or yellow-brown dots, “red spiders on yellow dots”, scattered brown discoloration, white and milky red areas, loss of follicular openings
Pseudopelade of Brocq	middle-aged white women	asymptomatic, asymmetrical, white, or porcelain-white patches involving the vertex or parietal area	white dots, white and milky-red areas, loss of follicular openings, variations in hair diameter
Folliculitis Decalvans	young to middle-aged adult men of African descent	tender, recurrent papulo-pustular lesions on the vertex and occipital area	hair tufts consisting of 5–20 hair surrounded by yellowish tubular scaling, starburst sign, coiled capillary loops, white and milky-red areas, loss of follicular openings
Dissecting Cellulitis	young men of African descent	perifollicular pustules, painful nodules, abscesses with sinus tracts involving the vertex and occipital area	3D yellow dots, yellow structureless areas, black dots, pinpoint-like vessels with whitish halo, white areas, loss of follicular openings
Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia	middle-aged women of African descent	scarring hair loss initially involving the vertex or crown of the scalp and slowly progressing peripherally	peripilar gray/white halo, perifollicular scaling, loss of follicular openings
Traction Alopecia	women and children of African descent	hair loss and thinning, pustules, inflammatory papules; may progress to scarring alopecia	perifollicular erythema, hair thinning, focal decrease in hair density, honeycomb pattern, pinpoint white dots, irregular white patches
Linear Scleroderma en Coup de Sabre	Children and women within the first two decades of life	single erythematous or violaceous linear indurated plaque, progressing to hyperpigmented or hypopigmented streak on the forehead	scattered black dots, broken hairs, short thick linear and branching tortuous vessels on the periphery of the lesion, white areas, loss of follicular openings