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. 2021 Aug 31;10(17):3931. doi: 10.3390/jcm10173931

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Quantification of biomarkers showing enrichment for neuron-derived EVs. Biomarkers were measured in plasma, EV-depleted plasma (exqsn), bead supernatant (bdsn), wash supernatant (wash) and in NDEVs (described in Figure 1). Levels of small EV-associated tetraspanin CD81 (A) and Alix (B) were measured using commercial ELISA kits (Cusabio). Levels of neuron-specific proteins NF-light (C), UCH-L1 (D) and Tau (E) in plasma were measured using Simoa assay kits on the SR-X instrument (Quanterix). Note that NDEVs contained significantly higher levels of all components including the neuron-specific markers, strongly suggesting that the immunoprecipitation procedure for NDEVs had succeeded. The same process was used to obtain the NDEVs for injection into mouse brain.