Table 2.
Distribution of study covariates and hospital outcomes of women with and without T2DM hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Spain (2016–2019), before and after propensity score matching (PSM).
| Before PSM | After PSM | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2DM | No T2DM | p-Value | T2DM | No T2DM | p-Value | |
| N (incidence per 10,000 women) | 53,506 (90.82) | 160,427 (21.38) | <0.001 | - | - | - |
| Age, mean (SD) | 80.18 (10.7) | 74.35 (17.48) | <0.001 | 80.18 (10.7) | 80.60 (10.89) | <0.001 |
| 18–49, n (%) | 643 (1.2) | 17,951 (11.19) | <0.001 | 643 (1.2) | 692 (1.29) | 0.177 |
| 50–64, n (%) | 4420 (8.26) | 23,707 (14.78) | <0.001 | 4420 (8.26) | 4308 (8.05) | 0.211 |
| 65–79, n (%) | 15,230 (28.46) | 36,623 (22.83) | <0.001 | 15,230 (28.46) | 14,270 (26.67) | <0.001 |
| ≥80, n (%) | 33,213 (62.07) | 82,146 (51.2) | <0.001 | 33,213 (62.07) | 34,236 (63.99) | <0.001 |
| CCI index, mean (SD) | 1.28 (1.01) | 0.99 (0.93) | <0.001 | 1.28 (1.01) | 1.27 (1.00) | 0.043 |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 2583 (4.83) | 3463 (2.16) | <0.001 | 2583 (4.83) | 2415 (4.51) | 0.015 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 18,422 (34.43) | 36,101 (22.5) | <0.001 | 18,422 (34.43) | 18,260 (34.13) | 0.297 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 1789 (3.34) | 3379 (2.11) | <0.001 | 1789 (3.34) | 1934 (3.61) | 0.016 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 4055 (7.58) | 8021 (5) | <0.001 | 4055 (7.58) | 3962 (7.4) | 0.280 |
| Dementia, n (%) | 6875 (12.85) | 17,334 (10.8) | <0.001 | 6875 (12.85) | 6982 (13.05) | 0.330 |
| COPD, n (%) | 11,595 (21.67) | 36,351 (22.66) | <0.001 | 11,595 (21.67) | 11,754 (21.97) | 0.239 |
| Rheumatoid disease, n (%) | 1771 (3.31) | 6204 (3.87) | <0.001 | 1771 (3.31) | 1818 (3.4) | 0.425 |
| Peptic ulcer, n (%) | 183 (0.34) | 681 (0.42) | 0.009 | 183 (0.34) | 169 (0.32) | 0.455 |
| Mild liver disease, n (%) | 2161 (4.04) | 5570 (3.47) | <0.001 | 2161 (4.04) | 2126 (3.97) | 0.585 |
| Hemiplegia or paraplegia, n (%) | 367 (0.69) | 1162 (0.72) | 0.361 | 367 (0.69) | 321 (0.6) | 0.079 |
| Renal disease, n (%) | 14,464 (27.03) | 22,520 (14.04) | <0.001 | 14,464 (27.03) | 13,939 (26.05) | <0.001 |
| Cancer, n (%) | 2653 (4.96) | 10,202 (6.36) | <0.001 | 2653 (4.96) | 2653 (4.96) | 0.999 |
| Moderate/severe liver disease, n (%) | 438 (0.82) | 997 (0.62) | <0.001 | 438 (0.82) | 434 (0.81) | 0.892 |
| Metastatic cancer, n (%) | 1077 (2.01) | 5599 (3.49) | <0.001 | 1077 (2.01) | 1027 (1.92) | 0.271 |
| AIDS, n (%) | 92 (0.17) | 1380 (0.86) | <0.001 | 92 (0.17) | 67 (0.13) | 0.047 |
| Non-invasive mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 1754 (3.28) | 3992 (2.49) | <0.001 | 1754 (3.28) | 1263 (2.36) | <0.001 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 907 (1.70) | 3503 (2.18) | <0.001 | 907 (1.70) | 1027 (1.92) | 0.006 |
| LOHS, median (IQR) | 7 (6) | 7 (7) | 0.555 | 7 (6) | 7 (7) | 0.737 |
| IHM, n (%) | 6908 (12.91) | 19,128 (11.92) | <0.001 | 6908 (12.91) | 7606 (14.22) | <0.001 |
T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; AIDS: acquired immune deficiency syndrome; LOHS: length of hospital stay; IHM: in-hospital mortality.