Table 4. Findings of personality studies on animal management.
Presented in order of most common species, and chronological order within species.
| Species | Setting | Response variable(s) | Personality Dimension(s) Measured | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pan troglodytes | Z | Training participation* | Openness(+), Dominance(0), Conscientious(0), Agreeableness(0), Extraversion(0), Neuroticism(0) | Herrelko, Vick & Buchanan-Smith (2012) |
| Self-directed behaviour frequency during research* | Conscientious(+), Neuroticism(+), Openness(0), Dominance(0), Agreeableness(0), Extraversion(0) | |||
| Vigilance during research* | Neuroticism(+), Openness(0), Dominance(0), Conscientious(0), Agreeableness(0), Extraversion(0) | |||
| Pan troglodytes | L | Problem-solving success* | Dominance(+), Methodical(+), Reactivity(0), Openness(0), Agreeableness(0), Extraversion(0) | Hopper et al. (2014) |
| Pan troglodytes | L | Initial training participation* | Openness(+), Agreeableness(0), Conscientious(0), Reactivity(0), Dominance(0), Extraversion(0) | Reamer et al. (2014) |
| Level of participation | Openness(0), Agreeableness(0), Conscientious(0), Reactivity(0), Dominance(0), Extraversion(0) | |||
| Pan troglodytes | Z | Participation* in research task | Dominance(+), Conscientious(+), Openness(+), Neuroticism(-), Agreeableness(0) | Altschul et al. (2017) |
| Dropout rate* | Conscientious(+), Agreeableness(+), Dominance(0), Openness(0), Neuroticism(0) | |||
| Task accuracy* | Extraversion(+), Conscientious(0), Agreeableness(0), Dominance(0), Openness(0), Neuroticism(0) | |||
| Engagement in research task* | Openness(+), Agreeableness(-), Extraversion(0), Dominance(0), Conscientious(0), Neuroticism(0) | |||
| Macaca fascicularis | L | Training success* | Activity(+), Emotionality(0), Sociability(0), Tolerance(0) | Wergård et al. (2016) |
| Macaca fascicularis | L | Porch enrichment usage* | Bold x porch location(+) | Lutz & Brown (2018) |
| Saimiri sciureus | Z | Viewing window approach* | Playfulness(+), Cautious(-), Solitary(-), Depressed(-), Dominance(0), Affectionate(0), Friendly(0), Gentle(0) | Polgár, Wood & Haskell (2017) |
| Research participation* | Playfulness(+), Affectionate(+), Friendly(+), Gentle(+), Cautious(-), Dominance(0), Solitary(0), Depressed(0) | |||
| Gorilla gorilla | Z | Activity budgets under high/low crowd conditions | Extraversion(0), Dominant(0), Fearful(0), Understanding(0) | Stoinski, Jaicks & Drayton (2012) |
| Saguinus oedipus | Z | Speed of enrichment approach* | Promotion-focused(+) | Franks et al. (2013) |
| Vigilance towards unfamiliar enrichment* | Prevention-focused(+), | |||
| Sapajus apella | Z | Test participation* | Openness(+), Assertiveness(0), Neuroticism(0), Sociability(0), Attentiveness(0) | Morton et al. (2013) |
| Test performance* | Openness(+), Assertiveness(-), Neuroticism(0), Sociability(0), Attentiveness(0) | |||
| Macaca nigra | Z | Training cue-response latency | Boldness(0), Adaptability(0), Fearfulness(0) | Ward & Melfi (2013) |
| Macaca mulatta | L | Rewarded trials* | Friendliness(+), Openness(0), Anxiety(0), Activity(0), Dominance(0), Confidence(0) | Altschul, Terrace & Weiss (2016) |
| Progress* | Friendliness(+), Openness(+),Anxiety(0), Activity(0), Dominance(0), Confidence(0) | |||
| Error* | Friendliness(-), Openness(-), Anxiety(0), Activity(0), Dominance(0), Confidence(0) | |||
| Reaction time | Friendliness(0), Openness(0), Anxiety(0), Activity(0), Dominance(0), Confidence(0) |
Notes:
*
Relationship with personality is statistically significant.
Z = Zoo, W = Wild free-living, L = Laboratory. + indicates significantly positive relationship, − indicates significantly negative relationship, 0 indicates no significant relationship.