Table 1.
Baseline characteristics with incidence of open-angle glaucoma in obese and non-obese adults.
| LHID2000 | LHID2005 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Obesity | Non-Obesity | Obesity | Non-Obesity | |||
| Variables | n (%) | n (%) | p-value | n (%) | n (%) | p-value |
| Total | 11,939 | 47,756 | 12,118 | 48,472 | ||
| Gender | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Female | 7718 (64.6) | 30,872 (64.6) | 7815 (64.5) | 31,260 (64.5) | ||
| Male | 4221 (35.4) | 16,884 (35.4) | 4303 (35.5) | 17,212 (35.5) | ||
| Age | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 18–30 | 3135 (26.3) | 12,540 (26.3) | 3098 (25.6) | 12,392 (25.6) | ||
| 31–40 | 2858 (23.9) | 11,432 (23.9) | 2961 (24.4) | 11,844 (24.4) | ||
| 41–50 | 2660 (22.3) | 10,640 (22.3) | 2645 (21.8) | 10,580 (21.8) | ||
| 51–60 | 1992 (16.7) | 7968 (16.7) | 2054 (17.0) | 8216 (17.0) | ||
| 61–70 | 886 (7.4) | 3544 (7.4) | 944 (7.8) | 3776 (7.8) | ||
| >70 | 408 (3.4) | 1632 (3.4) | 416 (3.4) | 1664 (3.4) | ||
| Urbanization level | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 1(City) | 3965 (33.2) | 15,860 (33.2) | 3765 (31.1) | 15,060 (31.1) | ||
| 2 | 5477 (45.9) | 21,908 (45.9) | 5837 (48.2) | 23,348 (48.2) | ||
| 3 | 1673 (14.0) | 6692 (14.0) | 1746 (14.4) | 6984 (14.4) | ||
| 4(Villages) | 824 (6.9) | 3296 (6.9) | 770 (6.4) | 3080 (6.4) | ||
| Income | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0 | 3952 (33.1) | 15,808 (33.1) | 2447 (20.2) | 9788 (20.2) | ||
| 1–15,840 | 1883 (15.8) | 7532 (15.8) | 1811 (14.9) | 7244 (14.9) | ||
| 15,841–25,000 | 3990 (33.4) | 15,960 (33.4) | 3742 (30.9) | 14,968 (30.9) | ||
| ≥25,001 | 2114 (17.7) | 8456 (17.7) | 4118 (34.0) | 16,472 (34.0) | ||
| OPH visit | 3856 (32.3) | 12,082 (25.3) | <0.001 | 3995 (33.0) | 12,731 (26.3) | <0.001 |
| Frequency of OPH visit | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 8083 (67.7) | 35,674 (74.7) | 8123 (67.0) | 35,741 (73.7) | ||
| 1–2 | 2458 (20.6) | 8061 (16.9) | 2564 (21.2) | 8470 (17.5) | ||
| >2 | 1398 (11.7) | 4021 (8.4) | 1431 (11.8) | 4261 (8.8) | ||
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 3494 (29.3) | 5419 (11.4) | <0.001 | 3642 (30.1) | 5810 (12.0) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 5576 (46.7) | 10,818 (22.7) | <0.001 | 5571 (46.0) | 11,434 (23.6) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 5202 (43.6) | 8326 (17.4) | <0.001 | 5353 (44.2) | 8939 (18.4) | <0.001 |
| IHD | 2275 (19.1) | 4510 (9.4) | <0.001 | 2306 (19.0) | 4867 (10.0) | <0.001 |
| CKD | 381 (3.2) | 969 (2.0) | <0.001 | 372 (3.1) | 1027 (2.1) | <0.001 |
| Myopia | 1169 (9.8) | 3422 (7.2) | <0.001 | 1207 (10.0) | 3562 (7.4) | <0.001 |
| Migraine | 697 (5.8) | 1618 (3.4) | <0.001 | 730 (6.0) | 1815 (3.7) | <0.001 |
| Hypothyroidism | 269 (2.3) | 354 (0.7) | <0.001 | 266 (2.2) | 404 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| OSA | 463 (3.9) | 319 (0.7) | <0.001 | 428 (3.5) | 313 (0.7) | <0.001 |
| Hypotension | 72 (0.6) | 225 (0.5) | 0.067 | 71 (0.6) | 234 (0.5) | 0.151 |
| No. of OAG | 99 | 222 | 122 | 265 | ||
| Incidence % | 1.0 | 0.6 | <0.001 | 1.3 | 0.7 | <0.001 |
| IRR (95% CI) | 1.79 (1.41–2.27) | 1.85 (1.49–2.29) | ||||
CI = confidence interval; CKD = chronic kidney disease; IHD = ischemic heart disease; LHID = Longitudinal Health Insurance Database OAG = open-angle glaucoma; OSA = obstructive sleep apnea; OPH = ophthalmology IRR = incidence rate ratio.