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. 2021 Aug 27;11:653162. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.653162

Table 6.

Adjuvant therapy extra-pulmonary LCNEC (most studies report outcomes for combined SCNEC and LCNEC patient populations).

Study Study Design Patient population Total Patients Treatment Outcomes Other
Smith et al. (94) Retrospective review HGNEC of the colon and rectum 126 HGNEC Variable

  • 3 year OS was 8.7%, median survival 13.2 months

  • 5 year OS 5% in metastatic disease and 18% in non-metastatic disease

  • Of 7 patients with HGNEC 5 received adjuvant chemotherapy
Haugvik el al. (95) Retrospective review High grade pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma 119 patients Variable

  • 3 year survival rate after primary surgery and metastatic disease was 69%.

  • Patients who underwent combined surgery and chemotherapy had significantly improved survival as compared to patients who received chemotherapy alone.
Liu et al. (96) Retrospective review High grade gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma 43 (39 SCNEC and 4 LCNEC) all underwent surgical resection (5 palliative resections) Variable

  • 3 year OS was 44.51%, 5 year OS was 35.05%.

  • 34 patients had adjuvant chemotherapy with median OS 44 months as compared to 14 months in 5 patients who did not receive post-operative chemotherapy.
Fields et al. (40) Retrospective review High grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the colon and rectum. 1208 patients (653 SCNEC and 556 LCNEC) Variable

  • Median OS 9.0 months, 3 year OS was 17.8% and 5 year OS was 13.3%.

  • For localized disease 5 year OS was 15.9% in patients who received only chemotherapy, 31.7% only surgery, and 37% for surgery and chemotherapy.
Alese et al. (34) Retrospective review High grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract 1861 patients Variable

  • 519 patients underwent surgery, 224 patients received post-operative chemotherapy which was associated with improved OS as compared to patients that did not receive post-operative chemotherapy.
Schmitz et al. (35) Retrospective review High grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach, small bowel, or pancreas 759 patients Variable

  • 213 patients received post-operative chemotherapy after curative resection. For these patients post-operative chemotherapy was not associated with improved overall survival.

  • 5 year OS in the chemotherapy group was 39% compared to 45% in patients that did not receive post-operative treatment

HGNEC, High grade neuroendocrine carcinoma; OS, overall survival; LCNEC, Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma; SCNEC, Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.