Table 3. Respiratory support and clinical outcomes by treatment’ group.
| SoC (n = 172) |
CCS (n = 65) |
TCZ (n = 50) |
TCZ + CCS (n = 125) |
P-value^ | Total (n = 412) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PaO 2 /FiO 2 and respiratory support throughout hospital stay | ||||||
| PaO 2 /FiO 2 (P/F) lowest value 1 | ||||||
| Median [IQR] | 363 | 283 | 169 | 147 | <0.001 | 228 |
| [289–424] | [188–357] | [127–239] | [110–186] | [149–364] | ||
| Respiratory support administered, n (%) | ||||||
| None | 113 (65.7%) | 24 (36.9%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 | 137 (33.2%) |
| Venturi Mask | 50 (29.1%) | 29 (44.6%) | 28 (56%) | 39 (31.2%) | 146 (35.4%) | |
| CPAP helmet | 8 (4.6%) | 11 (16.9%) | 15 (30%) | 69 (55.2%) | 103 (25%) | |
| OTI | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (1.5%) | 7 (14%) | 17 (13.6%) | 26 (6.3%) | |
| Deaths | ||||||
| COVID-related death | ||||||
| At day-14 of hospital stay | ||||||
| n (%) | 7 (4.1%) | 5 (7.7%) | 1 (2%) | 6 (4.8%) | 0.5 | 19 (4.6%) |
| Days to death, median [IQR] | 6 [3.5–9] | 10 [7–11] | 6 [6–6] | 12.5 [10.5–13] | 0.027 | 10 [6–11] |
| Throughout the hospital stay | ||||||
| n (%) | 7 (4.2%) | 6 (10%) | 4 (8%) | 20 (16.0%) | 0.006 | 37 (9%) |
| Days to death, median [IQR] | 6 [4–9] | 10 [8–11] | 20 [13–30] | 23 [14–40] | <0.001 | 14 [10–29] |
| Non COVID-related death | ||||||
| At day-14 of hospital stay | ||||||
| n (%) | 3 (1.7%) | 1 (1.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.8%) | >0.9 | 5 (1.2%) |
| Days to death, median [IQR] | 7 [4.5–8.5] | 9 [9–9] | NA | 12 [12–12] | 0.3 | 9 [7–10] |
| Throughout the hospital stay | ||||||
| n (%) | 6 (3.5%) | 6 (9.2%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.6%) | 0.032 | 14 (3.4%) |
| Days to death, median [IQR] | 16 [8–28] | 34 [20–43] | NA | 22 [17–26] | 0.2 | 26 [10–31] |
| Orotracheal intubation (OTI) | ||||||
| n (%) | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (1.5%) | 7 (14%) | 17 (13.6%) | <0.001 | 26 (6.3%) |
| Days to OTI, median [IQR] | 3 [3–3] | 1 [1–1] | 3 [2–8] | 6 [2–12] | 0.4 | 5 [2–10] |
| Composite primary outcome | ||||||
| At day-14 of hospital stay | ||||||
| n (%) | 10 (5.8%) | 6 (9.2%) | 7 (14%) | 17 (13.6%) | 0.082 | 40 (9.7%) |
| Days to composite primary outcome, median [IQR] | 5 | 9.5 | 3 | 6 | 0.6 | 6 |
| [3–8.5] | [4.5–10.8] | [2–8] | [2–10] | [2–10] | ||
| Throughout the hospital stay | ||||||
| n (%) | 13 (7.6%) | 12 (18.5%) | 7 (14%) | 28 (22.4%) | 0.003 | 60 (14.5%) |
| Days to composite primary outcome, median [IQR] | 7 | 14 | 3 | 12 | 0.042 | 10 |
| [3–10] | [10–33] | [2–8] | [5–23] | [3–23] | ||
SoC: Standard of Care; CCS: corticosteroid; TCZ: tocilizumab; CPAP: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; OTI: Oro-Tracheal Intubation.
^Statistical test performed: chi-square test of independence; Kruskal-Wallis test; Fisher’s exact test.
1 Data available for 378/412 (91.8%) participants.