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. 2021 Sep 10;16(9):e0257332. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257332

Table 2. Basic characteristics of the equol supplementation group and control group.

Basic characteristics All participants (n = 57) Equol intervention (n = 27) Control group (n = 30) p-value
Age 56 (48–69) 56 (48–69) 56 (49–69) 0.697a
Equol producers 13 (22.8%) 4 (14.8%) 9 (30%) 0.172 a
Body-mass index 21.4 (16.5–27.9) 21.2 (16.5–26.9) 21.5 (18.2–27.9) 0.455b
Smoking habit 0.617 b
 No 54 (94.74%) 26 (96.30%) 28 (93.33%)
 Past or current smoker 3 (5.26%) 1 (3.70%) 2 (6.67%)
Drinking habit 0.009 b
 No 20 (10.53%) 15 (3.70%) 5 (16.67%)
 Sometimes 23 (40.35%) 7 (25.93%) 16 (53.33%)
 Everyday 14 (24.56%) 5 (18.52%) 9 (30.00%)
Exercise habit (at least 2 times per week) 17 (30%) 8 (29.6%) 9 (30%) 0.764 b
Current medication use
 Anti-hypertensive 8 (14.04%) 5 (18.52%) 3 (10.00%) 1.000 b
 Anti-diabetes 1 (1.75%) 0 (0.00%) 1 (3.33%) 1.000 b
 Cholesterol lowering drugs 4 (7.02%) 3 (11.11%) 1 (3.33%) 0.214 b

Continuous values are shown as medians (ranges) and categorical values are shown as numbers and proportions (%).

a: p-value for Mann-Whitney’s tests.

b: p-value for chi-squared tests.

Statistically significant differences (p-value <0.05) are shown underlined in bold.