Table 2. Basic characteristics of the equol supplementation group and control group.
Basic characteristics | All participants (n = 57) | Equol intervention (n = 27) | Control group (n = 30) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 56 (48–69) | 56 (48–69) | 56 (49–69) | 0.697a |
Equol producers | 13 (22.8%) | 4 (14.8%) | 9 (30%) | 0.172 a |
Body-mass index | 21.4 (16.5–27.9) | 21.2 (16.5–26.9) | 21.5 (18.2–27.9) | 0.455b |
Smoking habit | 0.617 b | |||
No | 54 (94.74%) | 26 (96.30%) | 28 (93.33%) | |
Past or current smoker | 3 (5.26%) | 1 (3.70%) | 2 (6.67%) | |
Drinking habit | 0.009 b | |||
No | 20 (10.53%) | 15 (3.70%) | 5 (16.67%) | |
Sometimes | 23 (40.35%) | 7 (25.93%) | 16 (53.33%) | |
Everyday | 14 (24.56%) | 5 (18.52%) | 9 (30.00%) | |
Exercise habit (at least 2 times per week) | 17 (30%) | 8 (29.6%) | 9 (30%) | 0.764 b |
Current medication use | ||||
Anti-hypertensive | 8 (14.04%) | 5 (18.52%) | 3 (10.00%) | 1.000 b |
Anti-diabetes | 1 (1.75%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (3.33%) | 1.000 b |
Cholesterol lowering drugs | 4 (7.02%) | 3 (11.11%) | 1 (3.33%) | 0.214 b |
Continuous values are shown as medians (ranges) and categorical values are shown as numbers and proportions (%).
a: p-value for Mann-Whitney’s tests.
b: p-value for chi-squared tests.
Statistically significant differences (p-value <0.05) are shown underlined in bold.