Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Aug 23;98(3):248–255. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2021.07.002

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2021 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

A) Sleep quality comparison between parents and adults without kids showed no significant difference between groups [t(1152) = 0.050, p = 0.96]. B) Sleep perception (number of people self-reporting an improvement, worsening or no changes/Don't know in sleep quality) and PSQI scores. PSQI domains comparison among groups using one-way ANOVA. PSQI-1, Subjective sleep quality: [F(2, 575) = 14.746, p < 0.001). Bonferroni post hoc test revealed statistically significant difference between worsened and improved (p = 0.003, mean difference: -0.23, CI: -0.39 to -0.06); PSQI-2, Sleep latency [F(2, 575) = 24.121, p < 0.001). Bonferroni post hoc test revealed statistically significant difference between worsened and improved (p < 0.001, mean difference: -1.00, CI: -1.41 to -0.59); PSQI-3, Sleep duration [F(2, 575) = 18.404, p < 0.001). Bonferroni post hoc test revealed statistically significant difference between worsened and improved (p < 0.001, mean difference: -0.93, CI: -1.36 to -0.51); PSQI-4, Sleep efficiency [F(2, 575) = 18.150, p < 0.001). Bonferroni post hoc test revealed statistically significant difference between worsened and improved (p < 0.001, mean difference: -0.91, CI: -1.46 to -0.37); PSQI-5, Difficulty falling asleep [F(2, 575) = 2.438, p < 0.001). Bonferroni post hoc test revealed statistically significant difference between worsened and improved (p < 0.001, mean difference: -0.11, CI: -0.33 to -0.09); PSQI-6, Use of sleeping medication [F(2, 575) = 1.253, p = 0.01). Bonferroni post hoc test revealed statistically significant difference between worsened and improved (p < 0.001, mean difference: -0.19, CI: -0.44 to -0.06); PSQI-7, Daytime dysfunction [F(2, 575) = 7.448, p < 0.001). Bonferroni post hoc test revealed statistically significant difference between worsened and improved (p < 0.001, mean difference: -0.45, CI: -0.71 to -0.18); D) PSQI-Global: [F(2, 575) = 390.538, p < 0.001). Bonferroni post hoc test revealed statistically significant difference between worsened and improved (p < 0.001, mean difference: -3.84, CI: -5.11 to -2.58); C) Sleep quality comparison (PSQI scores) between parents with kids from different age groups. PSQI domains comparison between groups using one-way ANOVA revealed no significant differences between groups; PSQI-1, Subjective sleep quality: [F(2, 575) = 2.350, p = 0.097); PSQI-2, Sleep latency [F(2, 575) = 0.952, p = 0.387); PSQI-3, Sleep duration [F(2, 575) = 1.088, p = 0.338); PSQI-4, Sleep efficiency [F(2, 575) = 0.075, p = 0.928); PSQI-5, Difficulty falling asleep [F(2, 575) = 0.475, p = 0.622); PSQI-6, Use of sleeping medication [F(2, 575) = 1.585, p = 0.206); PSQI-7, Daytime dysfunction [F(2, 575) = 1.092, p = 0.337); E) PSQI-Global: [F(2, 575) = 0.238, p = 0.789). * Represents p < 0.05.