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. 2021 Aug 23;98(3):248–255. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2021.07.002

Table 1.

General characteristics of the adult sample (n = 577).

Variable PSQI Score
Statistics p
Normal
Global Score <5
n = 172
Poor Sleep Quality
Global Score ≥ 5
n = 405
 Age 38,60±7,23 38,04±6,45 t(576) = 0,191 ,540
 Sex (male/female) 38/134 70/335 X² = 1,386 0,268
Education
 High School or less 20 48 X² = 0,729 0,393
 Some college, no degree 8 29 X² = 14,484 <0,001
 Bachelor's degree 47 106 X² = 0,006 ,940
 Advanced degree 97 228 X² = 15,382 <0,001
Socioeconomic Status
 Lower 6 7 X² = 1,203 ,273
 Lower middle 11 33 X² = 6,148 ,013
 Middle 73 173 X² = 0,001 ,981
 Upper high 20 64 X² = 1,645 ,200
 High 62 130 X² = 4,992 ,025

Age (continuous variable) was compared using a student's t test. Sex, Education and Socioeconomic Status were compared using chi-squared test. Significance was defined was p < 0.05.