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| Bullous ligation |
| Pleurodesis |
| Pleurectomy |
| Decortication |
| Lobectomy |
| Pneumonectomy |
| Mediastinal lymph node clearance |
| Oesophagectomy (chest part; abdominal mobilisation of stomach performed laparoscopically) |
| Ruptured diaphragm |
| Clotted haemothorax |
| Trauma |
| Thymectomy |
| Mediastinal masses |
| Posterior mediastinal masses |
| Sympathectomy |
| First rib resection |
| Pectus excavatum (Nuss procedure) |
| Pectus carinatum (Abrahams procedure) |
