Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and comparisons between the critical and non-critical groups.
| Characteristics | Total number of patients (n = 300) | Critical group (n = 86) | Non-critical group (n = 214) | p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 60 (41–74) | 69 (60–78) | 51 (35–67) | <0.001 |
| Age ≥65 y, n (%) | 118 (39.3) | 53 (61.6) | 65 (30.4) | <0.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 187 (62.3) | 63 (73.3) | 124 (57.9) | 0.017 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.9 (20.3–26.4) | 23.1 (20.9–27.1) | 23.0 (20.3–26.0) | 0.20 |
| Body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2, n (%) | 106 (35.3) | 35 (40.7) | 71 (33.2) | 0.23 |
| Time from onset to visiting our center, d | 6 (4–9) | 8 (5–11) | 6 (3–9) | 0.004 |
| Never smoked, n (%) | 176 (58.7) | 46 (53.5) | 130 (60.7) | 0.30 |
| Former smoker, n (%) | 94 (31.3) | 33 (38.4) | 61 (28.5) | 0.10 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 30 (10.0) | 7 (8.1) | 23 (10.7) | 0.67 |
| Brinkman index of ≥600, n (%) | 52 (17.3) | 21 (24.4) | 31 (14.5) | 0.044 |
| Comorbidities, n | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 95 (31.7) | 41 (47.7) | 54 (25.2) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 76 (25.3) | 37 (43.0) | 39 (18.2) | <0.001 |
| Cancerb, n (%) | 29 (9.7) | 8 (9.3) | 21 (9.8) | 1.0 |
| Hemodialysis, n (%) | 21 (7.0) | 14 (16.3) | 7 (3.3) | <0.001 |
| Chronic heart diseases, n (%) | 36 (12.0) | 15 (17.4) | 21 (9.8) | 0.078 |
| COPD, n (%) | 7 (2.3) | 3 (3.5) | 4 (1.9) | 0.41 |
| ILD, n (%) | 5 (1.7) | 2 (2.3) | 3 (1.4) | 0.63 |
| Clinical findings | ||||
| Need for O2 supplementation upon diagnosis, n (%) | 48 (16.0) | 36 (41.9) | 12 (5.6) | <0.001 |
| CRP level, mg/dL | 3.60 (0.72–8.63) | 8.33 (5.18–14.9) | 1.86 (0.36–5.90) | <0.001 |
| CRP level of ≥6.5 mg/dL, n (%) | 101 (33.7) | 53 (61.6) | 48 (22.4) | <0.001 |
| Outcome | ||||
| Death, n (%) | 25 (8.3) | 25 (29.1) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
Data were presented as number of patients (%) or median (interquartile ranges).
COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ILD: interstitial lung disease, CRP: C-reactive protein.
a
Fisher's exact test was used to assess categorical variables and the Mann-Whitney U test, to compare continuous variables between the critical and non-critical groups.
b
Cancer types included genitourinary (11 cases), gastrointestinal (7 cases), breast (7 cases), lung (4 cases), gynecologic (2 cases), and head and neck (2 cases) cancers. Four patients had histories of two cancers.