Fig. 6. Examples of applications achieved by material conversion using t-SPL.

a Fabrication of nanoscale chemical gradients through local deprotection of THP-capped functional amine groups with a heated probe. Adapted with permission from ref. ³³, Copyright 2013 ACS. b Fabrication of protein gradients via thermal deprotection of amine groups and subsequent functionalization with proteins. Reproduced with permission from ref. ⁸², Copyright 2016 IOP Publishing. c Modification of the surface chemistry of graphene oxide with a thermal probe to study reaction kinetics on the nanoscale. Adapted with permission from ref. ⁴⁵, Copyright 2017 ACS. d Fabrication of pentacene nanowires from a precursor material by thermally activated conversion reaction Reprinted with permission from ref. ⁹², Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons. e Thermal quenching of a thermochromic supramolecular polymer to obtain a fluorescence contrast via disaggregation of excimer-forming moieties. Reproduced with permission from ref. ⁹⁶, Copyright 2017 ACS. f Local crystallization of a GeTe phase-change material with a heated probe to create electrically-conducting nanostructures. Republished with permission from ref. ⁹⁸, Copyright 2017 RSC Pub. g Direct fabrication of ferroelectric PZT nanostructures by local crystallization of a pyrolyzed amorphous sol–gel precursor. Reproduced with permission from ref. ⁹⁹, Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons. h Fabrication of nanoscale magnetic vortices by local crystallization of CoFe₂O₂ films. Reprinted with permission from ref. ¹⁰¹, Copyright 2018 Elsevier. i Reconfigurable magnetic nanostructures via t-SPL patterning by application of an external magnetic field which re-orients the thermally exposed area for the fabrication of spin-wave circuits. Adapted under CC BY 4.0 License from ref. ¹⁰⁶, Copyright 2018 Springer Nature