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. 2020 Oct 5;6:100. doi: 10.1038/s41378-020-00208-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Cross-sectional schematic of the porous sensor and diffusion of FDM. The blue semicircle represents the addition of FDM to the top chamber. The Au working electrode (sensor) fabricated on the bottom side of the porous membrane is shown as yellow caps. The gradient in blue illustrates the diffusion-assisted concentration gradient in the system. b The cross-sectional SEM of the membrane shows pore channels in all directions. c Cross-sectional SEM + EDS shows the distribution of e-beam-deposited Au (scale bar: 8 μm)