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. 2020 Jun 15;6:28. doi: 10.1038/s41378-020-0143-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — The figure shows the cross-sectional view of the hybrid PnP microfluidic device without the paper substrate (a) in the slot and with the paper substrate in the slot (b). The top layer consists of inlet microwells (a) and reservoir microwells (b). The middle layer consists of channels (c) and reservoirs (d). Slots (e) pass through the top, middle and half of the bottom layers where the paper substrate (f) can be inserted vertically. Scanned image of the SU-8-treated paper substrate before the immunoassay (c) and after the immunoassay (d).