Table 1.

Comparisons among different devices for ELISA of IgG.

Device	Volume/well (Channel)	Total time	LOD	POC detection	Detection	Reagent addition	Reference
96-well plate ELISA	50–100 μL	18 h	1.6–6.25 ng/mL	☒	Spectrophotometer	Manual/Robotic pipettors	10
Paper-based device	3 μL	1 h	54 fmol/zone	☒	Scanner	Manual	21
Modified PMMA	30 μL	13 h	0.12 μg/mL	☒	(APTES modification) Fluorescence microscopy	Syringe pump	27
Complementary metal oxide semiconductor	100 μL	20+ h	10 ng/mL	☒	CCD camera	Manual	38
Paper/polymer Hybrid device	5 μL	1 h	1.6 ng/mL	☑	Scanner	Automatic	23
Our device	25 μL	70 min	0.2 ng/mL	☑	Scanner/smartphone	Syringe pump