Table 1.

Summary of the different types of tumor-on-a-chip

Tumor-on-a-chip models	References	Cell types	Drugs	Applications
Lung tumor chip	98	Human NSCLC cell line	Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Explain the high level of resistance to therapy in lung cancer patients and provide an experimental model to study cancer persister cells and mechanisms of tumor dormancy in vitro
	131	Human alveolar epithelial cells and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells	Nanoparticles	Reconstitute the critical functional alveolar–capillary interface of the human lung to response to bacteria and inflammatory cytokines introduced into the alveolar space
Brain tumor chip	196	Brain tumor stem‐like cells		Examine the function of primary patient‐derived BTSCs
	197	Glioblastoma cells (U87)	Pitavastatin Irinotecan	Develop a 3D brain cancer chip for drug screening
	198	C6 glioma cells	Colchicines	Study the cellular response to different concentrations of colchicines
Liver tumor chip	189	HepG2/C3A MEG‐01 MES‐SA MES‐SA/DX‐5	Doxorubicin Cyclosporine Nicardipine	Provide a combined strategy for selectively inhibiting MES‐SA/DX‐5 cell proliferation; may prove to be advantageous in vivo by specifically targeting MDR cancer with acceptable side‐effects
	190	iPS C2a Functional endothelial cells Cardiomyocytes hepatocytes		Refine microtissues, establish modular multitissue platforms, and study interactive responses of cardiac, vascular and hepatic microtissues to pharmacological agents and to physiological and pathological stimuli
Colorectal-tumor chip	210	CRC cell line HCT-116	CMCht/PAMAM nanoparticle	Evaluate precision nanomedicine delivery
Breast tumor chip	211	MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231, and HCC1937	Paclitaxel Olaparib Cisplatin	Develop a microfluidic device for a 3D breast cancer screening platform
Pancreatic tumor chip	216	MIA PaCa-2 BxPC3 HT-29		Replicate cellular morphologies and reflect the death of endothelial cells during the metastasis process
	217	HepG2s MSCs HUVECs		Provide a suitable platform for pancreatic cancer cell growth for studying the metastasis of pancreatic cancer