Fig. 1. The glove configuration and sensor characterization.

a Schematics of the sign language recognition and communication system. b Proportion of different motions that are commonly used in sign language helps determine sensor position on gloves. c Sensor position on gloves based on hand motion analysis in b. Detailed area information of the sensor on each position can be found in Supplementary Fig. 1. d Materials of the triboelectric sensor. e–h Voltage output dependence on key parameters, including sensor area, force, bending degree, and bending speed. The hand, head, and phone images are created by the authors via Blender.