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. 2021 Sep 10;12:5378. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25637-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Flow chart of the sign language recognition and communication system, which allows the signer to use sign language and nonsigner to types directly to engage in the interaction. The delivered sign language by the signer is recognized and translated into text and speech by AI block. Based on TCP/IP, the client (controlled by signer Lily) in VR interface receives the recognition results and transmits to the sever (operated by the nonsigner Mary). The nonsigner types on the chat box to respond to the signer. b (i–v) Communication/conversation process in VR interface between the speech-disordered user Lily and nonsigner Mary based on the sign language recognition and communication system. The red rectangle indicates the corresponding reaction of these two users. These photos are of one of the authors. c Conversation summary of b. The hand image is created by the authors via Blender. Photo credit: Feng Wen, National University of Singapore.