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. 2019 Dec 30;5:64. doi: 10.1038/s41378-019-0116-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — a Visualization of the layer-by-layer (LbL) fabrication. The first layer is a 1.8 mm by 1.2 mm rectangular structure. A 500 μm circle is sintered on top of the first layer as part of the second and third layer. b Optical topographic images showing the LbL progression of the µ-SLS process. The RMS surface roughness are 2.24 μm, 1.19 μm and 4.08 μm Layers 1, 2 and 3 respectively. c Visualization of the two layer part with the first layer as a rectangular base and the second layer as a linear array. d Surface topography of the sintered and post-processed two-layer sample. The RMS height of the rectangular pillars measured from the top of layer 1 is 5.77 μm with a standard deviation of 1.75 μm. The averaged variability in pillar heights across the length of the array is 1.2 μm. These variations can be attributed to the non-uniformity in the layer deposition process, evolution of thermal gradients due to long exposure durations and the build-up of excess ink along the edges of the features during the sintering process.