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. 2020 Feb 10;6:1. doi: 10.1038/s41378-019-0121-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Schematic representing the elements of the microelectrode–neuron interface. b Equivalent electrical circuit of the electrode–neuron interface. R_seal represents the degree of coupling between the electrode and neuronal membrane. c Expected (ideal) voltage responses of this electrode to application of a 1-nA current pulse (shown in inset) for 2 conditions: (i) Seal resistance (R_seal) of 0.1 MΩ (simulating a condition of electrode away from neuron), (ii) Seal resistance (R_seal) of 1 GΩ (simulating a condition of electrode inside neuron). d Measured voltage response of a GP microelectrode to the application of a 1-nA pulse matches well with the response predicted by the model for R_seal = 0.1 MΩ. e Sequence of steps involved in quantitative measurement of electrical impedance of the tip of the glass–polysilicon microelectrode.