Fig. 5. Cell penetration forces in the neurons of isolated abdominal ganglion show significant variation among neurons with median forces ranging from 32 to 152 μN.

a Simultaneous force and voltage recording during insertion and subsequent removal of a GP microelectrode from cell. b Penetration forces showing minimal variability across different electrode movement speeds in n = 5 neurons. c Box–whisker plots of penetration forces measured for five different neurons in the abdominal ganglion. d Tukey test results for pairwise comparisons of mean penetration forces for all neurons tested. The forces were significantly different for 8 out of 10 pairs of neurons (p < 0.05).