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. 2020 Feb 10;6:1. doi: 10.1038/s41378-019-0121-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — a Automated intracellular potentials obtained from three different cells in the rat motor cortex after integration of the controller with a GP microelectrode and a conventional hydraulic microdrive. The recordings showed resting membrane potentials in the order of −50 to −65 mV along with large, periodic fluctuations due to brain pulsations caused by breathing (~0.5–1 Hz) and vascular pulsations (~4 Hz). b Autonomous intracellular recording obtained from a cell in the rat motor cortex with the fully integrated robotic, MEMS-based intracellular recording system. The resting potential was −30 mV, probably due to inadequate seal between the GP microelectrode and cell. Large, periodic fluctuations in the resting membrane potential were observed due to brain pulsations caused by breathing (~0.7 Hz).