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. 2020 Feb 10;6:1. doi: 10.1038/s41378-019-0121-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — a Block diagram of the ON–OFF closed-loop control scheme with two feedback variables—electrical impedance of the tip of the electrode at DC and voltage recorded at tip of the electrode. b Flowchart showing the steps involved in the three modes of the control algorithm: (i) Neuron search mode, (ii) Penetration and/or tuning mode, and (iii) Maintain mode (RP resting potential, AP action potential).