Fig. 1. Portable and wearable energy harvester with a single method.

a Arch-shaped TENG as a power supply for mobile phones. Reprinted from ref. ⁵⁴ with permission. b Hybrid nanocomposite generator (hNCG) for hand movement energy harvesting. Reprinted from ref. ⁶⁸ with permission. c Flexible thermoelectric generator (f-TEG) for harvesting human thermal energy. Reprinted from ref. ⁷³ with permission. d Wearable textile-based hybrid supercapacitor–biofuel cell (SC–BFC) system as a biochemical energy harvester. Reprinted from ref. ⁷⁷ with permission.