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. 2021 Mar 17;7:25. doi: 10.1038/s41378-021-00248-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Self-powered microfluidic transport system combining electrowetting with a TENG. Reprinted from ref. ⁹¹ with permission. b Flexible implantable electrical stimulator composed of a TENG and a flexible interdigital electrode. Reprinted from ref. ⁹² with permission. c Self-powered drug delivery system based on enzyme biofuel cells. Reprinted from ref. ⁹³ with permission. d Self-powered electrofluorochromic devices in intelligent windows. Reprinted from ref. ⁹⁴ with permission. e Micro self-powered robot. Reprinted from ref. ⁹⁵ with permission.