Contributions of PARP1 N-terminal domains to ALC1-dependent nucleosome remodeling. The activities of WT PARP1 are compared to those of (A) PARP1 mutants lacking the Zn2, BRCT, or Zn2 and BRCT domains, (B) PARP1 mutants lacking the Zn1, Zn3, WGR, or CAT domains, and (C) various PARP1 mutants bearing the L713F mutation. The Left column of each panel shows a diagram of PARP1 mutants; the Middle column shows PARylation assays, and the Right column shows nucleosome remodeling. Data represent mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments.