Table 2.
Association of sociodemographic characteristics, risk perception, health literacy, frequency of going outside, inadequate supply of masks with perceived stress (n=5,039).
| High Perceived Stress* | Bivariate regression | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | χ2/t | p | OR(95%CI) | P | |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||
| Age | 14.113 | 0.003 | |||
| ≥46 | 321(31.8) | Ref | |||
| 36–45 | 285(34.0) | 1.10(0.91,1.34) | 0.333 | ||
| 26–35 | 439(37.4) | 1.28(1.07,1.53) | 0.007 | ||
| 16–25 | 770(38.2) | 1.32(1.13,1.55) | 0.001 | ||
| Gender | 1.308 | 0.253 | |||
| Male | 772(36.9) | Ref | |||
| Female | 1043(35.4) | 0.93(0.83,1.05) | 0.253 | ||
| Urbanicity | 5.960 | 0.015 | |||
| Urban | 856(34.3) | Ref | |||
| Rural | 959(37.7) | 1.15(1.03,1.30) | 0.015 | ||
| Ethnicity | 4.025 | 0.045 | |||
| Han (Non-minority) | 1500(35.4) | Ref | |||
| Minority | 315(39.1) | 1.17(1.004,1.37) | 0.045 | ||
| Education level | 12.886 | 0.002 | |||
| College and above | 856(33.8) | Ref | |||
| High school | 689(37.5) | 1.18(1.04,1.33) | 0.011 | ||
| Middle school and under | 270(40.4) | 1.33(1.12,1.58) | 0.001 | ||
| Monthly household income | 35.466 | <0.0001 | |||
| > ¥ 10,000 ($1,449) | 396(30.8) | Ref | |||
| ¥ 5,001–¥ 10,000 ($725–$1,449) | 489(34.4) | 1.18(1.003,1.38) | 0.046 | ||
| ¥ 3,000–¥ 5,000 ($435–$725) | 572(38.5) | 1.41(1.20,1.65) | <0.0001 | ||
| < ¥ 3,000 ($ 435) | 358(42.3) | 1.65(1.38,1.98) | <0.0001 | ||
| Confirmed cases in residential province | 2.374 | 0.305 | |||
| Small | 728(35.9) | Ref | |||
| Medium | 855(35.4) | 0.98(0.87,1.11) | 0.748 | ||
| Large (Hubei province) | 232(38.8) | 1.13(0.94,1.37) | 0.196 | ||
| Frequency of going outside | 5.738 | 0.125 | |||
| Went outside every day or every other day | 405(38.2) | Ref | |||
| Went outside every 3–7 days | 663(35.6) | 0.89(0.76,1.04) | 0.155 | ||
| Went outside every 8–14 days | 175(32.3) | 0.77(0.62,0.96) | 0.019 | ||
| Went outside every 15 days or more | 572(36.3) | 0.92(0.78,1.08) | 0.310 | ||
| Inadequate supply of masks (n=4,921) | 1.472 | 0.225 | |||
| No (yes and bought successfully) | 1376(35.7) | Ref | |||
| Yes (yes but cannot buy one) | 402(37.7) | 1.09(0.95,1.26) | 0.225 | ||
| Risk perception | 91.657 | <0.0001 | |||
| Low (no worried at all/ not worried) | 262(25.9) | Ref | |||
| Medium (fair) | 505(32.8) | 1.40(1.17,1.67) | 0.0002 | ||
| High (worried/ very worried) | 1048(42.1) | 2.08(1.77,2.44) | <0.0001 | ||
| Health literacy | |||||
| Hard to understand COVID-19 related knowledge and information | 308.402 | <0.0001 | |||
| No (disagree/ strongly disagree) | 726(25.8) | Ref | |||
| Fair | 674(46.1) | 2.27(1.95,2.63) | <0.0001 | ||
| Yes (agree/ strongly agree) | 415(54.7) | 2.92(2.52,3.39) | <0.0001 | ||
| Hard to find correct and comprehensive COVID-19 related information | 218.668 | <0.0001 | |||
| No (disagree/ strongly disagree) | 401(22.8) | Ref | |||
| Fair | 673(40.1) | 2.47(2.16,2.82) | <0.0001 | ||
| Yes (agree/ strongly agree) | 741(46.3) | 3.48(2.95,4.11) | <0.0001 | ||
| Health literacy (continuous), Mean (SD) | 3.90(1.69) | 17.681 | <0.0001 | 0.74(0.71,0,76) | <0.0001 |
| Health literacy (categorical) | 276.652 | <0.0001 | |||
| High (scores≥5) | 625(24.8) | Ref | |||
| Low (scores≤4) | 1190(47.3) | 2.72(2.42,3.07) | <0.0001 | ||
⁎
respondents with scores higher than 25