Table 3.

Hepatocellular carcinoma prediction risk scores for chronic hepatitis C patients

Ref.	Cohort: Patients/ratio of cirrhosis	Study population	Variables	External validation
Lok et al[56], 2009	Training: 1050/41%; Validation: -	North America (United States HALT-C cohort)	Age; Race (Black); ALP; Esophageal varices; Ever smoked; Platelet count	-
Masuzaki et al[58], 2009	Training: 866/22.6%; Validation: -	Asian (Japan)	LSM	-
Chang et al[59], 2012	Training: 871/27.9%; Validation: -	Asian (Taiwan)	Age; Platelet count; AFP; Fibrosis stage	-
El-Serag HB et al[57], 2014	Training: 11721/100%; Validation: 52135/0	North America (United States Veterans Administration)	Age; ALT; Platelet; AFP	-
Ganne-Carrié et al[60],2016	Training: 720/100%; Validation: 360/100%	Caucasian (France)	Age; Past excessive alcohol intake; Platelet count; GGT; SVR status	-
Shiha et al[63], 2020 (GES)	Training: 2372/73.1%; Validation 1: 687/61.5%; Validation 2: 1314/70.6%	Egypt	Age; Gender; Fibrosis stage; Albumin; Alpha-feto protein	Egypt

AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein, ALP: Alkaline phosphatase, ALT: Alanine aminotransferase, GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase, LSM: Liver stiffness measurement, SVR: Sustained virologic response.