Table 4.

Hepatocellular carcinoma prediction risk scores regardless of etiology

Risk scores	Cohort: Patients	Study population	Variables	External validation
ADRESS-HCC, (Flemming et al[64], 2014)	Training: 17124/100%; Validation:17808/100%	North America (United States)	Age; Diabetes; Race; Etiology of liver disease; Gender; Child-Pugh Score	- (Internal only)
THRI, (Sharma et al[65], 2017)	Training: 2079/100%; Validation: 1144/100%	Caucasian (Canada)	Age; Gender; Etiology of liver disease; Platelet count	Asian, Caucasian
TDS, (Li et al[68], 2018)	Training: 21149/NA; Validation:10574/NA	Asian (Taiwan)	Age; Gender; Smoking status; HbA1c; Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase; Cirrhosis; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C virus; Anti-diabetic medication; Anti-hyperlipidemic medicaiton; Total/HDL cholesterol ratio	- (Internal only)
aMAP, (Fan et al[69], 2020)	Training: 3688/19.3%; Validation cohorts: 13686/11.4%-100%	Multicenter (Asian + Caucasian)	Age; Gender; Albumin-bilirubin score; Platelet count	Asian, Caucasian

THRI: Toronto hepatocellular carcinoma risk index; ADRESS: Age, diabetes, race, etiology of cirrhosis, sex, and severity; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; HDL: High-density lipoprotein.