Table 3.
Characteristics of the discussed NSAIDs.
| Common Name | Diclofenac | Ibuprofen | Ketoprofen | Naproxen |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | 15307-86-5 | 15687-27-1 | 22071-15-4 | 22204-53-1 |
| Molecular weight | 296.15 | 206.28 | 254.28 | 230.26 |
| pKa a | 4.15 | 4.91 | 4.45 | 4.15 |
| log Kow a | 4.51 | 3.97 | 3.12 | 3.18 |
| CEC b (ng L−1) | 4560 | 194,711 | 48,978 | 827,999 |
| Classification group | acetic acid derivatives | propionic acid derivatives |
propionic acid derivatives |
propionic acid derivatives |
| Therapeutic use/mechanism of action | NSAID/ non-selective COX inhibitor |
NSAID/ non-selective COX inhibitor |
NSAID/ non-selective COX inhibitor |
NSAID/ non-selective COX inhibitor |
| Half-lives, hours | 2 | 1.2–2 | 1.1–4 | 12–17 |
| Metabolite | hydroxy metabolites, glucuronic acid, sulfate, and taurine |
hydroxylated and carboxylated derivatives |
glucuronide metabolite |
desmethylnaproxen, glucuronide metabolit |
| Reference | [133] | [134,135] | [136] | [137,138] |