| AP | activator protein |
| ASD | Asian sand dust |
| cAMP | cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate |
| CD | cluster of differentiation |
| COVID-19 | Coronavirus disease 2019 |
| DMD | Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
| EGC | enteric glial cells |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
| ID | inhibitor of deoxyribonucleic acid binding |
| KRG | Korean red ginseng |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| NF-B | nuclear factor-kappa B |
| PNI | peripheral nerve injuries |
| RBAC | rice bran arabinoxylan compound |
| STING | stimulator of interferon genes |
| TGF- | transforming growth factor beta |
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