Table 3.

Numerous medicinal plant extracts used in clinical trials and their outcomes.

Plant Species	Type of Clinical Study	Clinical Outcomes	Reference
Salvia officinalis	Randomized, double-blind	Significantly improved cognitive function	[189]
Resveratrol	Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter 52-wk phase 2 trial	Resveratrol was safe and well-tolerated. Resveratrol and its major metabolites penetrated the blood–brain barrier to have CNS effects	[190]
Ginkgo biloba L.	Longitudinal, 3 monthly follow-ups over a 12-month period	Focal electroretinograph↑ amplitude and sensitivity amplitude that stabilized after 3 months independent of genotype	[191]
Crocus sativus L.	Longitudinal, open-label study, 8 monthly follow-ups over a 29 (±5)-month period	Focal electroretinograph saffron treated age-related macular degeneration patients: Visual function remained stable	[192]
Curcumin longa	24 older adults with physical or cognitive impairment	Improve physical function and cognitive function	[193]
Crocus sativus	Depressant patients	The effect of C. Sativus similar to imipramine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression	[194]
Nigella sativa	Asthmaticpatients	Improvement of all asthmatic symptoms, chest wheeze and pulmonary function test values	[195]
Centella asiatica	Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial	Improved memory function	[196]
Bacopa monnieri	Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 38 healthy volunteers (aged 18–60 years)	Significantly improved cognitive function	[197]
Withania somnifera	Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled	Significantly improved executive functions in adults with mild cognitive impairment	[198]