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. 2021 Aug 31;26(17):5278. doi: 10.3390/molecules26175278

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Annual mean top of the atmosphere radiative forcing due to aerosol–radiation interactions (RFari, in W m^–2) due to different anthropogenic aerosol types, for the 1750–2010 period. Hatched whisker boxes show median (line), 5th to 95th percentile ranges (box) and min/max values (whiskers) from AeroCom II models [46] corrected for the 1750–2010 period. Solid colored boxes show the AR5 best estimates and 90% uncertainty ranges. BC FF is for black carbon from fossil fuel and biofuel, POA FF is for primary organic aerosol from fossil fuel and biofuel, BB is for biomass burning aerosols, and SOA is for secondary organic aerosols—reproduced with permission from ref. [45].