Table 1.

Results of various research regarding the effect of initial dye concentration.

Dyestuff	Adsorbent	Concentration (mg/L)	Reaction Time (min)	Efficiency Range (%)	Quantity in Equilibrium Range (qe mg/g)	Reference
Methylene Blue	Algerian palygorskite	3–30	5	up to 97%	2.5–10	[155]
Methylene Blue	clinoptilolite	50–100	60	increased but no significant difference > 95%	-	[156]
Brilliant Green	activated carbon derived from medlar nucleus	110–200	60	-	100–180	[157]
Methylene Blue	green olive stone	50–1000	24 h	fluctuating values, highest 65.9 at 50 ppm	-	[158]
Methylene Blue	black olive stone	50–1000	24 h	fluctuating values, highest 93.5 at 400 ppm	-	[158]
Acid Brown	Haloxylon recurvum plant	10–60	180	-	2.846–10.011	[159]
Congo Red	cocoa bean shells	40–120	4–36 h	negative linear effect		[160]
Methylene Blue	fava bean peels, utilizing ultrasonic-assisted (US) shaking	3.6–100	70	70–90	-	[161]
Methylene Blue	fava bean peels, conventional (CV) shaking	3.6–100	70	80–95	-	[161]
Reactive Blue 19	corn silk	10–500	60	-	2.0–71.6	[162]
Reactive Red 218	corn silk	10–500	60	-	2.0–63.3	[162]
Reactive Black 5	pent tea leaves	50–100	5–200	98.7–43.5	24.8 –6.7	[163]
Methyl Orange	pent tea leaves	50–100	5–200	88.7–32.7	22.2 –1.6	[163]
Methylene Blue	Citrus limetta peel	5–25	10–60	~100–97	0.06–1.62	[164]
Malachite Green	Citrus limetta peel	5–25	10–60	~97–95	0.17–4.70	[164]
Congo Red	Citrus limetta peel	5–25	10–60	~90–75	0.17–3.77	[164]
Crystal Violet	mango stone biocomposite	20–50	60	-	~25–352.79	[165]
Congo Red	chitosan	50–2000	30	-	increased to 0.2	[166]
Methylene Blue	chitosan	25–100	30	~100–50	increased to 1457.1	[166]
Rhodamine B	chitosan	25–100	30	~55–35	increased to 990	[166]
Reactive Red 120	Moringa oleifera seed	10–100	30	-	18.54–173.99	[167]
Crystal Violet	olive leaves powder	10–100	5–70	-	~5–45	[168]