Table 3.

Relevant studies of Olives.

Year	Main Objective	Type of Study	Assay Employed	Materials	Conclusion	Reference
2018	Investigate the genotoxic and protective effects of fullerene C60 and Virgin olive oil in rats induced by cadmium chloride.	In vivo	Chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells from rats (Rattus norvegicus)	Virgin olive oil mixed with fullerene C60	Virgin olive oil is described as a potential antioxidant and protects cells from induced DNA damage by cadmium exposure	[104]
2019	Monitor the possible hazardous effects of hexavalent chromium on rats and the possible effects of extra-virgin olive oil against hexavalent chromium induced toxicity by studying the cellular alteration, DNA damage, immune function alterations, and histopathological changes of rat spleen	In vivo	Micronucleus assay and Estimation of serum 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine level in blood samples from rats (Rattus norvegicus)	Extra virgin olive oil obtained directly from olives, purchased from a local market	Extra-virgin olive oil succeeded in minimizing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity	[105]