Table 2.

Biological activities of further IAs, isolated and tested in connection with potential treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, from 2010 (alkaloids only included with an IC₅₀ value ≤ 30 μM for AChE or BuChE; an IC₅₀ ≤ 200 μM for POP; all results for MAO-A and inhibition of Aβ-aggregation are included).

Isoquinoline Alkaloid	Structural-Type	Plant Source	IC50 AChE (μM)	IC50 BuChE (μM)	IC50 POP (μM)	IC50 MAO-A (μM)	IC50 Aβ (μM)	Ref.
avicine	benzophenanthridine	Zanthoxylum rigidum	0.15 ± 0.01 a 0.52 ± 0.05 b	0.88 ± 0.08 c	n.s	0.41 ± 0.02	5.56 ± 0.94	[111]
nitidine	benzophenanthridine	Zanthoxylum rigidum	0.65 ± 0.09 a 1.25 ± 0.09 b	5.73 ± 0.60 c	n.s	1.89 ± 0.17	1.89 ± 0.40	[111]
6-ethoxydihydrochelerythrine	benzophenanthridine	Chelidonium majus	0.83 ± 0.04 b	4.20 ± 0.19 d	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	[112]
chelerythrine	benzophenanthridine	Chelidonium majus	1.54 ± 0.07 b 3.78 ± 0.15 a	6.33 ± 0.93 c 10.34 ± 0.24 d	n.s.	0.55 ± 0.04	4.20 ± 0.43	[113,114]
sanguinarine	benzophenanthridine	Corydalis saxicola	1.93 ± 0.01 a	>200 c	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	[96]
mucroniferanine H (racemic mixture)	protoberberine	Corydalis mucronifera	2.31 ± 0.20 a	36.71 ± 1.12 c	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	[109]
6-ethoxydihydrosanguinarine	benzophenanthridine	Chelidonium majus	3.25 ± 0.24 b	4.51 ± 0.31 d	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	[112]
hydrohydrastinine	simple isoquinoline	Corydalis mucronifera	9.13 ± 0.15 a	>100 c	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	[109]
dehydrocavidine	protoberberine	Corydalis saxicola	9.92 ± 0.24 *	>200 *	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	[96]
mucroniferanine G (diastereoisomeric mixture 1:1)	phthalideisoquinoline	Corydalis mucronifera	11.3 ± 0.8 a	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	[110]
mucroniferanine F (diastereosomeric mixture 1:1)	phthalideisoquinoline	Corydalis mucronifera	12.2 ± 0.2 a	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	[110]
(+)-canadine	protoberberine	Corydalis cava	12.4 ± 0.9 b	>100 d	152.0 ± 12.5	n.s.	n.s.	[115,116,117]
hendersine B	benzylisoquinoline	Corydalis mucronifera	14.22 ± 0.34 a	>100 c	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	[109]
7,8-dihydro-[1,3]-dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline	simple isoquinoline	Stephania rotunda	18.4 ± 1.4 e	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	[95]
caryachine	pavinane	Eschscholzia californica	19.6 ± 0.4 b	>100 d	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	[118]
(+)-canadaline	benzylisoquinoline	Corydalis cava	20.1 ± 1.1 b	85.2 ± 2.2 d	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	[115]
remerine	aporphine	Stephania rotunda	20.7 ± 1.3 e	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	[95]
chelidonine	benzophenanthridine	Chelidonium majus	26.8 ± 1.2 b	31.9 ± 1.4 d	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	[112]
(−)-mucroniferanine D	phthalideisoquinoline	Corydalis mucronifera	28.3 ± 0.4 a	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	[110]
aromoline	bisbenzylisoquinoline	Berberis vulgaris	>100 b	0.82 ± 0.10 d	189 ± 32	n.s.	n.s.	[97]
berbostrejdine	bisbenzylisoquinoline	Berberis vulgaris	66.0 ± 8.0 b	6.9 ± 1.0 d	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	[97]
N-methylcoclaurine	benzylisoquinoline	Peumus boldus	>100 b	15.0 ± 1.4 d	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	[119]
1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-methyl-6,7-methylenedioxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline	benzylisoquinoline	Eschscholzia californica	>100 b	27.8 ± 0.4 d	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	[118]
sinactine	protoberberine	Fumaria offcinalis	>100 b	>100 d	53 ± 2	n.s.	n.s.	[120]
californidine iodide	pavinane	Eschscholzia californica	36.7 ± 0.9 b	>100 d	55.6 ± 3.5	n.s.	n.s.	[118,121]
bersavine	bisbenzylisoquinoline	Berberis vulgaris	68.0 ± 11.0 b	>100 d	67 ± 6	n.s.	n.s.	[97]
parfumidine	spirobenzylisoquinoline	Fumaria offcinalis	>100 b	>100 d	99 ± 5	n.s.	n.s.	[120]
dihydrosanguinarine	benzophenanthridine	Macleaya cordata, Corydalis mucronifera	>100 b	n.s.	99.1 ± 7.6	n.s.	n.s.	[110,121]
corypalmine	protoberberine	Corydalis cava	>100 b	>100 d	128.0 ± 10.5	n.s.	n.s.	[117,121]
N-methyllaurotetanine	aporphine	Peumus boldus	>100 b	>100 d	135.0 ± 11.7	n.s.	n.s.	[119,121]
sinoacutine	morphinane	Peumus boldus	>100 b	>100 d	143.1 ± 25.4	n.s.	n.s.	[119]
bicuculline	phthalideisoquinoline	Fumaria offcinalis	>100 b	>100 d	190 ± 50	n.s.	n.s.	[120]

^aEeAChE; ^bhAChE; ^cEqBuChE; ^dhBuChE; ^e rat cortex AChE; * origin of used enzymes not specified within this study.