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The kinetic energy transfer from the incident (a) 25 eV Ga, (b) 22 eV Ge and (c) 19 eV As atom (red line) to the impacted C atom (blue line) and graphene with 159 atoms (green line), as well as the total kinetic energy of the system with all 161 atoms (black line) as a function of time. The structure of Ga/Ge/As implanted graphene after 500 fs simulations is shown in the inset of (a–c), respectively.
