Figure 4.

The atomic-scale energetics and snapshots of 26 eV (a) Ga, (c) Ge and (e) As atoms implanting into graphene. The total kinetic energy of 161 atoms (black), as well as kinetic energies of the incident Ga/Ge/As atom (shown in red color), sputtered C atom (blue), and all remaining 159 C atoms in the graphene layer (green) as a function of time. (b,d,f) are snapshots of atomic configurations that correspond to time steps marked in (a,c,e) by vertical dashed lines. Ga, Ge and As atoms are shown in orange, purple and green, respectively, C atoms are shown in gray.