Table 3.
Previous research on biological-chemical pretreatment approaches to pretreat lignocellulosic biomass. Data retrieved from Ref. [54].
| Substrate | Conditions | Component’s Degradation (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Step | 2nd Step | Lignin | Hemicellulose | Cellulose | |
| Biological—alkaline pretreatment | |||||
| Corn stalks | Irpex lacteus (28 °C, 15 d) | 0.25 M NaOH solution (75 °C, 2 h) |
80 | 51.37 | 6.62 |
| Populus tomentosa | Trametes velutina D10149 (28 °C, 28 d) | 70% (v/v) ethanol aqueous solution containing 1%(w/v) NaOH (75 °C, 3 h) | 23.08 | 22.22 | 18.91 |
| Willow sawdust | Leiotrametes menziesii (27 °C, 30 d) | 1% (w/v) NaOH (80 °C, 24 h) | 59.8 | 68.1 | 51.2 |
| Abortiporus biennis (27 °C, 30 d) | 54.2 | 51.8 | 29.1 | ||
| Biological—acid pretreatment | |||||
| Populus tomentosa | Trametes velutina D1014 (28 °C, 56 d) | 1% sulphuric acid (140 °C, 1 h) | 23.82 | 75.96 | (+) 18.74 |
| Oil palm empty fruit bunches | Pleurotus floridanus LIPIMC996 (31 °C, 28 d) | Ball milled at 29.6/s for 4 min. Phosphoric acid treatment (50 °C, 5 h) | (+) 8.29 | 60.63 | (+) 37.52 |
| Olive tree biomass | Irpex lacteus (Fr.238 617/93) (30 °C, 28 d) | 2% w/v H2SO4 (130 °C, 1.5 h) | (+) 105.82 | 75.29 | (+) 62.95 |
| Biological—oxidative pretreatment | |||||
| Corn Straw | Echinodontium taxodii (25 °C, 15 d) | 0.0016% NaOH and 3% H2O2 (25 °C, 16 h) | 52.00 | 23.64 | (+) 45.45 |
| Hemp chips | Pleurotus eryngii (28 °C, 21 d) | 3% NaOH and 3% (v/v) H2O2 (40 °C, 24 h) | 55.7 | 23.2 | 25.1 |
| Biological—organosolv pretreatment | |||||
| Sugarcane straw | Ceriporiopsis subvermispora (27 °C, 15 d) | Acetosolv pulping (Acetic acid with 0.3% w/w HCl) (120 °C, 5 h | 86.8 | 93.8 | 32.1 |
| Pinus radiata | Gloeophyllum trabeum (27 °C, 28 d) | 60% ethanol in water solvent (200 °C, 1 h) | 74.26 | 80.74 | - |
| Biological—liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment | |||||
| Soybean | Liquid Hot water (170 °C, 3 min, 400 rpm, 110 psi, solid to liquid ratio of 1:10) | Ceriporiopsis subvermispora (28 °C, 18 d) | 36.69 | 41.34 | 0.84 |
| Corn stover | 41.99 | 42.91 | 7.09 | ||
| Wheat straw | Hot water extraction (HWE) (85 °C, 10 min, solid to liquid ratio of 1:20) | Ceriporiopsis subvermispora (28 °C, 18 d) | 24.87 | 13.19 | 1.86 |
| Corn stover | 30.09 | 28.14 | 4.96 | ||
| Soybean | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | ||
| Biological—steam explosion pretreatment | |||||
| Beech woodmeal | Phanerochaete chrysosporium (37 °C, 28 d) | Steam explosion (215 °C, 6.5 min) | 42.00 | - | - |
| Sawtooth oak, corn and bran | Lentinula edodes (120 d) | Steam explosion (214 °C, 5 min, 20 atm) | 17.1 | 80.43 | (+) 5.19 |
(+): represents the increment in fibre content.