Table 3.
Selected Studies on HAIC for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis
| Author/Trial (Year) Reference | Modality & (Type of Study) | PVTT Type/ PS & CP Class | No. of Patients (n) | Survival Outcome OS | Other Outcomes | Adverse Events ≥ Grade 3 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Song et al (2015)111 | HAIC versus Sorafenib | VP2, VP3, VP4 | 110 versus 60 (5, 16, 39) |
Median OS (months) 7.1 versus 5.5 |
TTP (months.) 3.3 versus 2.1 ORR (%) 13.3 DCR (%) 45.0 |
Sorafenib: Diarrhea (13), Fatigue (8), HFSR (7), Rash (3) |
| Choi et al (2018)112 | HAIC versus Sorafenib (RCT) |
VP3–4/(PS 0–1; CP A) | 29, 29 | Median OS (months) 14.9 versus 7.2 |
TTP (months) 4.4 versus 2.7 ORR (%) 27.6 versus 3.4 |
Bilirubin ↑ (44.8 versus 34.5), AST ↑ (34.5 versus 27.6), HFSD, (0 ersu 31.0) |
| Fujino et al. (2015)91 | HAIC+3D CRT versus HAIC | VP3–4 (PS 0–1; CP A) | 41, 42 | Median OS (months) 12.1 versus 7.2 |
ORR (%) 56.1 versus 33.3 PPF (months) 5.8 versus 3.0 |
Leukopenia (12.2 vs 14.3), thromersubocytopenia (12.2 vs 14.3), ALT/ AST ↑ (2.4 versus 4.8) Bilirubin ↑ (2.4 versus 2.4) |
| Ikeda et al (2016)117 | HAIC (cisplatin)+Sorafenib versus Sorafenib (RCT) | VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4/(PS 0–1; CP A) | 40 (61.5%) versus 17 (41.5%) | Median OS (months) 9.1 versus 7.1, P=0.086 |
ORR (%) 21.7 versus 7.3 |
AST ↑ (33.8 versus 26.8) ALT ↑ (20 versus 19.5) GTP ↑ (36.9 versus 39) HFSR (17.8 versus 13.1) |
| Kudo et al/SILIUS (2018)118 | HAIC+Sorafenib versus Sorafenib (RCT) |
VP1–4/(PS 0–1; CP A–B7) | VP1–3, 40, 43 VP4, 22, 17 |
Median OS (months) 12.6 versus14.4 (VP1–3, P=0.423) 11.4 versus 6.5 (VP4, P=0.050) |
TTP (months) 5.3 versus 3.5 |
Anemia (17 versus 6%), neutropenia (17 versus 1%), Thrombocytopenia (34 versus 12%), anorexia (14 versus 6%) |
| Kodama et al (2018)121 | HAIC+RT versus Sorafenib | VP3–4 (PS 0–1; CP A) | 36, 36 | Median OS (months) 9.9 versus 5.3, P=0.002 |
PFS (months 3.9 versus 2.1, P=0.048 |
Leukopenia (8.3 versus 0) Thrombocytopenia (5.5 versus 0), ALT ↑ (2.7ersu vs 8.3), Bilirubin ↑ (2.7 versus 5.5), Diarrhea & fatigue (2.7 versus 13.9), HFSD (0 versus 5.5) |
| He et al (2019)119 | HAIC+Sorafenib (FOLFOX) versus Sorafenib (RCT) |
VP1–4/(PS 0–2; CP A) | VP1–2, 24, 24 VP3, 54, 53 VP4, 47, 45 |
Median OS (months) VP1–2, 18.17 versus 10.87 (P= 0.002) VP3, 13.47 versus 6.27, P<0.001 VP4, 9.47 versus 5.5, P<0.001 |
NA | Thrombocytopenia (12.9 versus 4.96), Neutropenia (9.68 versus 2.48), HFSD (10.48 versus 14.05), Diarrhea (8.87 versus 12.4) |
Abbreviations: HAIC, hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy; 3D-CRT, 3 dimensional conformational radiotherapy; PVTT, portal vein tumor thrombosis; PS, performance status; CP, Child-Pugh class; OS, overall survival; RCT, randomized controlled trial; PFS, progression-free survival; MVI, microvascular invasion; MST, median survival time; TTP, time to progression; DCR, disease control rate; ORR, objective response rate; PPF, post-progression survival; Gr, Grade; HFSR, hand foot syndrome.